Legal framework and the right to health
The right to health is enshrined in Monaco’s legal framework. Article 26 of the Constitution of Monaco, written in French, guarantees that “Monegasques are entitled to state assistance in cases of indigence, unemployment, illness, disability, old age, and maternity, under the conditions and forms provided by law.” The explanatory memorandum of the law, written in French, continues, “This constitutional provision underscores the Government’s commitment to ensuring that all Monegasques and residents have effective access to healthcare services”.
Health coverage mechanisms
According to LEGIMONACO, the Monegasque legislation and jurisprudence portal, the coverage of medical costs is primarily based on two mechanisms.
Health insurance: This is available through affiliation as a beneficiary or entitled person to a health insurance organization linked to professional activity. This ensures that those employed in Monaco have access to necessary health care services.
Private health insurance: Individuals also have the option to subscribe to private health insurance, offering additional coverage options for those who wish to supplement their health care provisions.
State medical aid and new legislative developments
Recognizing the need for comprehensive health coverage, the Prince’s Government established state medical aid in 2016, formalized by Law No. 1.465 of December 11, 2018, relating to family assistance and social assistance. The law, translated from the original French, states, “This provision allows Monegasques and residents who are not covered by health insurance due to a lack of professional activity and have insufficient income to purchase private insurance to receive coverage for their medical care”.
In February 2024, the government submitted a new bill that builds on the foundations of Law No. 1.465. The proposed legislation aims to cover medical costs for individuals who are not covered under any existing health insurance schemes, whether public or private. According to the description of this bill, translated from the original French, “[T]he State would assume the role of insurer for these individuals, complementing existing mechanisms without competing with private insurance providers”.
