In Slovakia, catastrophic health spending is lower than in many EU countries but has been rising, disproportionately affecting low-income households and older people, mainly due to out-of-pocket spending on outpatient medicines. Despite a comprehensive benefits...
Greece experiences higher levels of catastrophic health spending than many EU countries, with the burden falling most heavily on low-income households due to spending on medicines and outpatient care, while wealthier households face higher costs for inpatient and...
Slovenia has one of the lowest levels of catastrophic health spending in Europe, thanks to its comprehensive publicly financed benefits and, until 2024, complementary voluntary health insurance (VHI) that protected people from co-payments. A major 2024 reform...
The effective allocation and execution of health budgets are central to ensuring that health systems operate efficiently, equitably, and sustainably. The World Bank’s latest publication, Budget Execution in Health: From Bottlenecks to Solutions – Case Study Series,...
This report on healthcare spending, and its analysis for the period between 2017-2022 was published by the Government of Argentina in April 2025. It is the result of the joint work of the Directorate of Health Economics of the National Ministry of Health with the...
Portugal faces higher-than-average catastrophic health spending in Europe, primarily impacting the poorest households and driven by outpatient medicine costs. Despite universal access based on residence and a relatively comprehensive benefits package, coverage gaps...
The integration of refugees into national health systems requires context-specific strategies that account for societal attitudes, organizational structures, and financial realities, rather than relying on a single universal approach. Political commitment to universal...
Georgia’s move toward universal health coverage is challenged by a largely private health sector and weak governance. Insufficient regulatory detail, purchasing gaps, and poor stakeholder dialogue undermine care quality and equity. Strengthening governance requires...
The 10 Year Health Plan for England seizes the opportunities provided by new technologies, medicines, and innovations to deliver better care for all patients – wherever they live and whatever they earn – and better value for taxpayers. It is making 3 big shifts to how...
This document provides information on health revenue and expenditure flows in Paraguay in 2020. It will be used for planning and development, policy evaluation and international comparisons.
The publication Innovative Financing for Noncommunicable Diseases in Asia and the Pacific, released by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in June 2025, examines new strategies to tackle the growing burden of NCDs in the region. Despite noncommunicable diseases...
The Health Taxonomy Report: The Need for a Common Investment Toolkit, published by The G20 & G7 Health and Development Partnership and its collaborators, marks a significant step in advancing health financing. Building on the momentum of the 2025 World Health...
The report assesses Kazakhstan's health financing system using the WHO Health Financing Progress Matrix, highlighting significant improvements in coverage and reliance on public funding over the past two decades. However, it identifies challenges such as low public...
Significant national and international funds offer Ukraine a chance to transform its health system by consolidating hospitals and expanding primary care. The Ministry of Health must urgently establish a strategic capital investment framework, align prioritization...
The health system in Tajikistan operates under a centralized governance structure, primarily managed by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection, with the public sector serving as the main provider of health services. Despite efforts to reform and improve...
