This review aims to identify the financing and policy challenges for Medicare and universal health care in Australia, as well as opportunities for whole-of-system strengthening.
More than 70 articles were identified and classified challenges into seven major themes that include the burden of out-of-pocket costs, inequity and public subsidies. The study concludes that the comprehensive reform is needed to address these challenges with effective, coordination to improve and secure the universality of public health care in Australia.