To inform decision making about premium collection to expand social health protection in Cambodia, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)-funded Health Policy Plus (HP+) project undertook a case study of a CBHI scheme to assess the cost of premium collection vis-à-vis the amount of cash collected. The study adopted the Cambodian government perspective (i.e., all costs that can be allocated to the government, either directly or indirectly). HP+ also examined the total cost of the scheme, including user fee payments, to estimate the gap in premium payments that would have been required to fully cover the scheme’s costs.