A scoping review titled “Approaches, enablers and barriers to govern the private sector in health in low- and middle-income countries,” published in BMJ Global Health, examines how governments in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) govern the private sector’s role in healthcare delivery and financing. Given the significant role of the private sector in LMIC health systems, effective governance is essential to ensure equitable and efficient health outcomes. This review synthesises evidence on governance approaches, their effectiveness, and the key enablers and barriers to strengthening governance in these settings.
Drawing on 107 studies from 101 LMICs, the research applies the WHO’s six governance behaviours framework, highlighting critical insights such as the need for transparent and inclusive policy dialogues, strategic alignment of governance mechanisms, and capacity building for both public and private actors. The study also identifies common barriers, including insufficient accountability and limited resources, emphasising the importance of robust evidence to inform governance choices. This work offers valuable guidance for policymakers aiming to enhance private sector governance and strengthen health systems in diverse contexts.