This paper elaborates an approach to health financing policy that countries can adapt to their own national
context. This entails: (1) specification of a set of health finance policy objectives, grounded in the
core values espoused by WHO; (2) a conceptual framework for analysing the organization and functions
of the health financing system; and (3) recognition of the way in which key contextual factors, particularly
fiscal constraints, affect a country’s ability to attain policy objectives or implement certain types of
reforms. Because of the great diversity of national contexts, there is no “blueprint” – no particular model
or system of financing – that is appropriate for all countries. Hence, while the approach is fundamentally
grounded in a common set of values and objectives, it permits analysis and recommendations that are
country-specific and realistic. Key messages for decision-makers are to identify and address the harmful
consequences of fragmentation in financing arrangements, and to ensure that the instruments of health
financing policy are consistently aligned with the objectives.
