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Tajikistan’s health system offers a publicly financed basic benefits package, but many individuals remain ineligible for coverage. Most healthcare services are publicly managed by the government. Initiatives like ‘Health for All’ and the ‘Universal Health Coverage’ program have aimed to reform health financing and expand coverage, yet these initiatives have not been implemented on a national scale. While health spending per capita remains the second lowest in the WHO European Region, public expenditure on health has increased over the past 20 years. Out-of-pocket payments have slightly decreased but still account for 63.5% of total spending as of 2021. Despite improvements in life expectancy and high childhood vaccination rates, maternal and infant mortality rates are still relatively high. Noncommunicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, significantly contribute to mortality, with leading risk factors including high blood pressure, poor nutrition, and elevated blood sugar levels.