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The study analyzed the determinants of the Healthcare Quality Index (HQI) in Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2024 to assess both short-term dynamics and long-term relationships among key economic and healthcare variables. Findings reveal that, in the short term, GDP and government healthcare expenditure positively impact HQI, while unemployment and inflation have significant negative effects; long-term results show that medical insurance coverage, government spending, and foreign investment significantly enhance healthcare quality, with inflation being a persistent negative factor.