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The paper examines how Rwanda’s community-based health insurance (CBHI) program influences household healthcare expenditures. Using survey data, the study finds that CBHI significantly reduces out-of-pocket healthcare costs, with an 83% decrease in per capita spending, especially benefiting higher-income households. However, results vary across spending types such as outpatient, inpatient, and drugs, and highlight potential barriers for poorer households. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of CBHI schemes in enhancing financial protection and accessibility, supporting progress toward universal health coverage in low-income settings.