Lao People’s Democratic Republic has implemented the National Health Insurance (NHI) since 2016. Recently,
haemodialysis has been included under the benefit package of the NHI scheme. This study aims to analyze the effects of NHI on accessibility and catastrophic health expenditures for patients with chronic kidney disease in Savannakhet Province. Findings show that NHI has improved accessibility to health service utilization of patients with chronic kidney disease. However, there are barriers to accessing health services and a risk of financial hardship due to nonmedical expenses.