Vietnam is changing rapidly economically, with parallel shifts in epidemiology and demographics. There have also been significant policy shifts in recent years, including in the health sector. The combined effects of these transitions pose some risks to the sustainability of essential public health services, and will continue to put upward pressure on health spending. This report from 2019 on future health financing analyzes how Vietnam can maintain a sufficient level of public spending on health to sustain and further good health outcomes and respond to new health challenges.