Health financing reform is a fundamentally political process. Yet, evidence on the interplay between domestic politics, international aid and the technical dimensions of health financing systems, particularly in the former Soviet Union and Central Asia, remains limited. Little regard has been given to the political dimensions of Tajikistan’s Basic Benefit Package (BBP) reforms that regulate entitlements to a guaranteed set of healthcare services while introducing co-payments. This paper published on 23 May 2019, explores the governance constraints to the introduction and implementation of the BBP and associated health management changes.