The many documents available on the P4H Network’s digital platform reflect the network’s scope of work. The majority of documents are primary source materials created by country nationals or resources produced by organizations working in social health protection (SHP) and/or health financing (HF).
The collection provides information on SHP and/or HF reforms and universal health coverage processes from around the world as well as topical analysis and research.
Lived experience of out-of-pocket costs of health care and medicines by people with chronic conditions and their families in Australia: a systematic review of the qualitative literature
Despite Australia’s Medicare, out-of-pocket costs (OOPC) still make up 14% of total health expenditure. This systematic review examined the experiences of Australians with chronic conditions facing OOPC for out-of-hospital care, revealing income loss due to ill...
Health financing progress matrix, Cameroon 2024: Summary of results and recommendations
This report presents the results of the latest assessment of health financing (2024) in Cameroon using the Health Financing Progress Matrix (WHO's standardized assessment tool for health financing policies). It highlights the strengths and weaknesses of health...
Governance of the private health sector in Georgia
Georgia’s move toward universal health coverage is challenged by a largely private health sector and weak governance. Insufficient regulatory detail, purchasing gaps, and poor stakeholder dialogue undermine care quality and equity. Strengthening governance requires...
The health system in Syria (2000–2024): assembling the pieces of a fragmented system—A scoping review
A recent scoping review synthesizing literature and data from 2000 to 2024 provides a comprehensive overview of Syria’s health system, aiming to guide post-conflict recovery efforts. The study highlights persistent challenges such as politicization of healthcare,...
Global Health 2050: implications for Mexico
This journal published by Salud Pública México in May-June 2025, has a number of articles on public health in the country. The commentary deals specifically with the health system and achieving universal access with a primary health care approach.
Health Accounts 2020 Paraguay
This document provides information on health revenue and expenditure flows in Paraguay in 2020. It will be used for planning and development, policy evaluation and international comparisons.
Health Financing in Brazil: perspectives of states and municipalities
This book, published in June 2025, presents an in-depth analysis of the challenges and opportunities of public health financing in Brazil, especially at state and municipal levels. The authors show, based on analysis of data from the Public Health Budget Information...
Automatic Health Insurance Enrollment for Vulnerable Individuals: Opportunities for Egypt’s Universal Health Insurance System
This note offers insights on how Egypt can move forward to achieve automatic UHIS coverage for vulnerable groups. Automatic enrollment would help eliminate barriers to UHIS coverage, get rid of long queues for applicants, decrease the administrative burden on...
National Health Policy 2015-2030, Moving towards Universal Health Access and Coverage in Paraguay
Decree 4541 of the Presidency of the Republic of Paraguay approved the National Health Policy of Paraguay in December 2015. It is the roadmap to follow in terms of public health, for universal access to health in the country for the period from 2015 to 2030. Strategy...
Social health insurance, health services utilization and procurement of private health insurance in Thailand’s multi-payer universal health system
Thailand’s entire population is insured under one of the three main public health insurance schemes: the Universal Coverage Scheme (UCS), the Social Security Scheme (SSS), and the Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme (CSMBS). This study investigated differences in...
Long-term financial sustainability of Rwanda’s universal health coverage model: Challenges and solutions (2011 – 2021) and Vision 2050
Since 2000, Rwanda has made remarkable progress toward universal health coverage (UHC) through a Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI) system, but now faces chronic financial sustainability challenges as it aims for higher health-care standards under Vision 2050. A...
Healthcare managers’ perspectives on direct health facility financing in Tanzania
Health financing reforms are crucial for improving efficiency, transparency, and service delivery in low- and middle-income countries, where health systems often operate under tight resource constraints. In Tanzania, the Direct Health Facility Financing (DHFF)...
Private equity investment in long-term care: The case of Ireland
Private equity (PE) firms play a significant role in the financialisation of healthcare systems, yet research has largely overlooked their direct involvement, especially outside the U.S. This study investigates the drivers behind PE investments in Ireland’s long-term...
Health financing progress matrix assessment: Kazakhstan 2023
The report assesses Kazakhstan's health financing system using the WHO Health Financing Progress Matrix, highlighting significant improvements in coverage and reliance on public funding over the past two decades. However, it identifies challenges such as low public...
Reconfiguring health purchasing for universal health coverage: insights from Nepal with relevance to low- and middle-income countries
Nepal's shift to federalism and the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) aimed for universal health coverage, but persistent structural flaws undermine strategic purchasing and system efficiency. The Ministry of Health and Population’s conflicting roles as...