The many documents available on the P4H Network’s digital platform reflect the network’s scope of work. The majority of documents are primary source materials created by country nationals or resources produced by organizations working in social health protection (SHP) and/or health financing (HF).
The collection provides information on SHP and/or HF reforms and universal health coverage processes from around the world as well as topical analysis and research.
The health taxonomy: The need for a common investment toolkit
The Health Taxonomy Report: The Need for a Common Investment Toolkit, published by The G20 & G7 Health and Development Partnership and its collaborators, marks a significant step in advancing health financing. Building on the momentum of the 2025 World Health...
Social health insurance, health services utilization and procurement of private health insurance in Thailand’s multi-payer universal health system
Thailand’s entire population is insured under one of the three main public health insurance schemes: the Universal Coverage Scheme (UCS), the Social Security Scheme (SSS), and the Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme (CSMBS). This study investigated differences in...
Long-term financial sustainability of Rwanda’s universal health coverage model: Challenges and solutions (2011 – 2021) and Vision 2050
Since 2000, Rwanda has made remarkable progress toward universal health coverage (UHC) through a Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI) system, but now faces chronic financial sustainability challenges as it aims for higher health-care standards under Vision 2050. A...
Healthcare managers’ perspectives on direct health facility financing in Tanzania
Health financing reforms are crucial for improving efficiency, transparency, and service delivery in low- and middle-income countries, where health systems often operate under tight resource constraints. In Tanzania, the Direct Health Facility Financing (DHFF)...
Private equity investment in long-term care: The case of Ireland
Private equity (PE) firms play a significant role in the financialisation of healthcare systems, yet research has largely overlooked their direct involvement, especially outside the U.S. This study investigates the drivers behind PE investments in Ireland’s long-term...
Health financing progress matrix assessment: Kazakhstan 2023
The report assesses Kazakhstan's health financing system using the WHO Health Financing Progress Matrix, highlighting significant improvements in coverage and reliance on public funding over the past two decades. However, it identifies challenges such as low public...
Reconfiguring health purchasing for universal health coverage: insights from Nepal with relevance to low- and middle-income countries
Nepal's shift to federalism and the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) aimed for universal health coverage, but persistent structural flaws undermine strategic purchasing and system efficiency. The Ministry of Health and Population’s conflicting roles as...
Unlocking investment for the transformation of Ukraine’s health-care network
Significant national and international funds offer Ukraine a chance to transform its health system by consolidating hospitals and expanding primary care. The Ministry of Health must urgently establish a strategic capital investment framework, align prioritization...
Challenging inadequate and fragmented primary health care financing: findings from Bangladesh, Indonesia, Maldives, and Nepal
Strengthening primary health care (PHC) is central to achieving universal health coverage in the WHO South-East Asia Region. This study, published in The Lancet Regional Health – Southeast Asia and Health Policy, analyses PHC financing arrangements in Bangladesh,...
Coverage and predictors of enrollment in the state-supported health insurance schemes in Nigeria: a quantitative multi-site study
This study evaluated the reach and factors influencing enrollment in state-supported health insurance schemes (SSHIS) across six Nigerian states, each representing a different geopolitical zone. Findings showed significant variation in coverage—highest in Kwara State...
How can innovative financing options support health system financing for noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries?
As noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) place increasing strain on health systems in low- and middle-income countries, the need for sustainable financing solutions is more urgent than ever. With development assistance stagnating and domestic budgets stretched thin,...
The case for investment in tobacco control: lessons from four countries in the Americas
This study in the Pan American Journal of Public Health from 2022 explores the case of investing in tobacco control in Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador and Suriname. Health taxes, for example on tobacco products, are considered opportune for both reducing unhealthy...
Implementation of Taxation on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages by the Government of Barbados
This 2016 policy brief produced by the Healthy Caribbean Coalition (with the support of the NCD Alliance) provides an overview of the approaches used by the Barbados Ministry of Finance in the adoption of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxation.
Financing pandemic prevention, preparedness and response: Invest now or pay a heavy price in the future
The COVID-19 pandemic laid bare the devastating consequences of chronic underinvestment in pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response (PPPR). Despite the staggering toll—over 28 million excess deaths and trillions of dollars in economic losses—the global...
Strengthening community health in Senegal: Lessons from a Ministry-led self-assessment
A new policy brief, developed by Senegal’s Ministry of Health and Social Action with support from the Financing Alliance for Health, uses the Community Health Financing Assessment (CHFA) toolkit to evaluate the current state of community health financing in Senegal....