The number of documents available on the P4H Network’s digital platform reflects the network’s scope of work. The majority of documents are primary source materials created by country nationals or resources produced by organizations working in social health protection (SHP) and/or health financing (HF).
Financing the cost of health care in Jamaica
The Jamaican Ministry of Health and Wellness published a discussion paper on health financing for UHC in July, 2023. The paper aimed to stimulate broad public discussion on sustainable financing of the health sector as the country strives towards achieving Universal...
Excess healthcare utilization and costs linked to chronic conditions: a comparative study of nine European countries
The rising prevalence of chronic conditions poses a major challenge to healthcare systems across Europe, driving increased demand for both inpatient and outpatient services. This article, published in the European Journal of Public Health (April 2025, Volume 35, Issue...
Belize National Health Insurance Authority Bill -2024
On November 12, 2024 the government of Belize passed an important bill to establish a National Health Insurance Authority (NHI). The bill includes details on NHI functions, management and financing as well as associated health care providers.
Strengthening primary health care in Ethiopia: A scoping review
Ethiopia's primary health care (PHC) system has made notable progress in enhancing healthcare access and coverage, supported by strong political commitment and the implementation of a national health extension package. Despite these successes, challenges persist,...
The status of health insurance in the Middle East and North Africa : A landscape assessment
Health insurance (HI) has become a central policy tool in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region as countries work toward universal health coverage (UHC). Despite the dominance of government funding and out-of-pocket (OOP) spending in financing health care, a...
Changes in the safety net over recent decades and their impact
This paper examines the evolution and effectiveness of the safety net over the past half-century in USA. It finds that while some programs have contracted, the safety net has overall grown substantially stronger through expansions that have significantly reduced...
Primary health care financing: a situation assessment and policy options for Tajikistan
Tajikistan’s primary health care, based on a family medicine model, faces low per-capita funding, outdated financing, and persistent informal payments. To strengthen it, the country should pilot per-capita payment systems, update the benefits package for better...
Health impact and economic evaluation of the Expanded Program on Immunization in China from 1974 to 2024: a modelling study
The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in China, initiated by WHO in 1974, has significantly reduced disease burden by vaccinating against eight pathogens, averting an estimated 703 million cases and 2.48 million deaths over 50 years. The program has also...
Dominica Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet
Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheets developed by the World Bank provide graphical representations of 14 key indicators linked to the larger macro fiscal environment in which a health system operates. This fact sheet on Dominica shows historical data...
Bridging healthcare gaps through specialized mobile healthcare services to improve healthcare access and outcomes in rural Hungary
This study assessed a public insurance-based telemedicine system in rural Hungary, where 12 Mobile Healthcare Service Centers provided general and specialist care to over 21,000 residents, resulting in the diagnosis of new hypertension and diabetes cases and high...
Decree Law 2763 – creation of FONASA in Chile
The Chilean government created the National Health Fund (Fonasa) by decree law in 1979 (among others). Fonasa is the public health insurance that provides coverage for health services to the population. It is an alternative to the Instituciones de Salud Previsional...
How to Create a Public Health Insurance Plan: Lessons from States in USA
Health coverage rates in the U.S. have reached a record high since the Affordable Care Act was enacted, yet many insured individuals still struggle with high healthcare costs, particularly among marginalized racial and ethnic groups. Surveys indicate that a...
Analysis the status and spatio-temporal characteristics of the synergistic development of China’s multi-level medical insurance system
The study examines the development and spatio-temporal evolution of China's multi-level medical insurance system (MMIS) from 2011 to 2020, highlighting improvements in the coupling coordination index (CCI) which rose from a moderate disorder to a well-coordinated...
The role of demographic and epidemiologic transitions on growing health expenditures in LAC
Countries across Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are facing rising healthcare costs as populations age and chronic diseases become more common. A new study published in The Lancet Regional Health – Americas by Yvonne N. Flores, Timothy Roberton, Marisol Torres...
Health insurance type, healthcare utilization and out-of-pocket expenditure in the face of COVID-19: Evidence from Thai national survey data
This study investigates whether the type of public health insurance affects outpatient healthcare utilization and out-of-pocket expenditure in Thailand before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings suggest that health insurance type primarily affects provider...