The many documents available on the P4H Network’s digital platform reflect the network’s scope of work. The majority of documents are primary source materials created by country nationals or resources produced by organizations working in social health protection (SHP) and/or health financing (HF).
The collection provides information on SHP and/or HF reforms and universal health coverage processes from around the world as well as topical analysis and research.
World report on social determinants of health equity
The World Health Organization (WHO) has released its World Report on Social Determinants of Health Equity, shedding new light on the deep-rooted causes of health inequities across the globe. These inequities, often shaped by factors such as income inequality,...
A return on investment analysis for the 2017 increase in alcohol excise taxation in Lithuania
A recent study published in Addiction by Jürgen Rehm, Pol Rovira, Ahmed S. Hassan, Claire de Oliveira, Shannon Lange, Mark J. Thompson, Ilona Tamutienė, Vaida Liutkutė-Gumarov, and colleagues evaluates the impact of Lithuania’s 2017 alcohol excise tax increase. The...
Financing the cost of health care in Jamaica
The Jamaican Ministry of Health and Wellness published a discussion paper on health financing for UHC in July, 2023. The paper aimed to stimulate broad public discussion on sustainable financing of the health sector as the country strives towards achieving Universal...
Excess healthcare utilization and costs linked to chronic conditions: a comparative study of nine European countries
The rising prevalence of chronic conditions poses a major challenge to healthcare systems across Europe, driving increased demand for both inpatient and outpatient services. This article, published in the European Journal of Public Health (April 2025, Volume 35, Issue...
Belize National Health Insurance Authority Bill -2024
On November 12, 2024 the government of Belize passed an important bill to establish a National Health Insurance Authority (NHI). The bill includes details on NHI functions, management and financing as well as associated health care providers.
Strengthening primary health care in Ethiopia: A scoping review
Ethiopia's primary health care (PHC) system has made notable progress in enhancing healthcare access and coverage, supported by strong political commitment and the implementation of a national health extension package. Despite these successes, challenges persist,...
Changes in the safety net over recent decades and their impact
This paper examines the evolution and effectiveness of the safety net over the past half-century in USA. It finds that while some programs have contracted, the safety net has overall grown substantially stronger through expansions that have significantly reduced...
Health impact and economic evaluation of the Expanded Program on Immunization in China from 1974 to 2024: a modelling study
The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in China, initiated by WHO in 1974, has significantly reduced disease burden by vaccinating against eight pathogens, averting an estimated 703 million cases and 2.48 million deaths over 50 years. The program has also...
Dominica Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheet
Macro-Fiscal Context and Health Financing Factsheets developed by the World Bank provide graphical representations of 14 key indicators linked to the larger macro fiscal environment in which a health system operates. This fact sheet on Dominica shows historical data...
Decree Law 2763 – creation of FONASA in Chile
The Chilean government created the National Health Fund (Fonasa) by decree law in 1979 (among others). Fonasa is the public health insurance that provides coverage for health services to the population. It is an alternative to the Instituciones de Salud Previsional...
How to Create a Public Health Insurance Plan: Lessons from States in USA
Health coverage rates in the U.S. have reached a record high since the Affordable Care Act was enacted, yet many insured individuals still struggle with high healthcare costs, particularly among marginalized racial and ethnic groups. Surveys indicate that a...
Analysis the status and spatio-temporal characteristics of the synergistic development of China’s multi-level medical insurance system
The study examines the development and spatio-temporal evolution of China's multi-level medical insurance system (MMIS) from 2011 to 2020, highlighting improvements in the coupling coordination index (CCI) which rose from a moderate disorder to a well-coordinated...
Health insurance type, healthcare utilization and out-of-pocket expenditure in the face of COVID-19: Evidence from Thai national survey data
This study investigates whether the type of public health insurance affects outpatient healthcare utilization and out-of-pocket expenditure in Thailand before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings suggest that health insurance type primarily affects provider...
The rising income gradient in life expectancy in Sweden over six decades
This study investigates the relationship between income and life expectancy in Sweden from 1960 to 2021, revealing a widening gap in life expectancy between different income levels. The disparity increased significantly, with men’s life expectancy gap growing from 3.5...
Analysing global immunisation expenditure
The Office of Health Economics (OHE) published the research paper "Analysing Global Immunisation Expenditure" on April 15, 2025. This comprehensive study examines immunisation spending trends from 2016 to 2022 across ten countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, France,...