{"id":987631448,"date":"2023-02-03T08:18:54","date_gmt":"2023-02-03T07:18:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/p4h.world\/countries\/%d0%b3%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8f\/"},"modified":"2025-10-30T13:49:35","modified_gmt":"2025-10-30T12:49:35","slug":"%d0%b3%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8f","status":"publish","type":"country","link":"https:\/\/p4h.world\/ru\/countries\/%d0%b3%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8f\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”!! PLEASE DO NOT EDIT !!!” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|15px|0px|15px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row disabled_on=”off|off|off” admin_label=”\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” display_conditions=”W10=” custom_padding=”0px|0px|30px|0px|false|false” global_module=”987504603″ saved_tabs=”all” collapsed=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ admin_label=”!!! \u041f\u041e\u0416\u0410\u041b\u0423\u0419\u0421\u0422\u0410, \u041d\u0415 \u0420\u0415\u0414\u0410\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0420\u0423\u0419\u0422\u0415 !!! ” _builder_version=”4.20.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.19.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”TEXT – BLOCK 1″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||1em||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Germany has one of the lowest rates of unmet needs in Europe<\/a>, with the difference in insurance coverage between income groups being less than one-fourth of a percentage point. Government health expenditures represent more than 20% of government expenditures, which is the fourth highest in the so-called WHO Europe Region in 2022.[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”TEXT – BLOCK 1″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||1em||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (HF) \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 (SHI), \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 (PHI).[2]<\/a><\/sup> \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 1883 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u041e\u0442\u0442\u043e \u0444\u043e\u043d \u0411\u0438\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435.[3]<\/a><\/sup> (\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0446\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”TEXT – BLOCK 2″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||1em||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

SHI \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 89% \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.[4]<\/a><\/sup> \u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 “\u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430”<\/a>, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 SHI.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”TEXT – BLOCK 3 – quote” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

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SHI \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u043c\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435, \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c, \u043e\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044e, \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u044e, \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0443, \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u0445\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”TEXT – BLOCK 4″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||1em||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

SHI operates with self-governing sickness funds (96 in 2023)<\/a>. The sickness funds collect contributions and send them to a central \u201creallocation pool\u201d, the Gesundheitsfonds (in English, Health Fund), which reallocates the funds back, based on risk-adjusted criteria.[5]<\/sup> SHI contributions are calculated as a percentage of income, with supplementary premiums added by individual sickness funds when necessary.[6]<\/sup><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”TEXT – BLOCK 5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 11% \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 SHI, \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b PHI. \u042d\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445. \u0412 PHI \u0432\u0437\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f. [7]<\/a><\/sup>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”TEXT – BLOCK 6″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0437 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 2022 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/em><\/a>\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”TEXT – BLOCK 7 – quote” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

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[1]<\/span> \u0411\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a>, \u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0432\u044b\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0443)<\/p>\n

[2]<\/span> Bl\u00fcmel, Miriam, et al. “ Germany: Health System Review<\/a> <\/em>” Health Systems in Transition<\/em>, vol. 22, no. 6, 2020, p. xxii.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/span> \u0422\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435<\/a>, \u0441\u0442\u0440. 14.<\/em><\/p>\n

[4]<\/span> \u0411\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u041c\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043c, \u0438 \u0434\u0440.\u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 2024 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443<\/a><\/em>” \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, 2024, \u0441\u0442\u0440. 5.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/span> \u0411\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u041c\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043c, \u0438 \u0434\u0440.\u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 2022<\/a><\/em>” \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, 2022 \u0433., \u0441\u0442\u0440. 4.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/span> Bl\u00fcmel, Miriam, et al. “ Germany: Health System Review<\/a> <\/em>” .” Health Systems in Transition, vol. 22, no. 6, 2020, p. xxiv.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/span> Ibid<\/a> <\/em> pp. xxiii-xxiv.<\/p>\n

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\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h3>\n

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\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0441 1883 \u043f\u043e 2025 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u0412\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435<\/h4>\n

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