This paper is the product of a comprehensive review of both published and unpublished literature,
and an extensive process of peer review and consultation. We extend our appreciation to the
many comments we received on earlier versions of the paper at a number of events including: an
initial agenda-setting meeting held at WHO Geneva in November 2017, an expert consultation
meeting for the WHO EMRO region held in Cairo in May 2018, presentations at the Fifth Global
Symposium on Health Systems Research held in Liverpool in October 2018, and a number of
seminars held throughout March 2019: the UHC2030 TWG on UHC in Fragile Settings, an
internal seminar of the WHO Department of Health Systems and Governance, the WHO JWT
UHC and Emergencies Contact Group, and the Yemen MSP Review Seminar held in Annecy,
France.