Despite global advances toward Universal Health Coverage, financial protection remains a challenge in low- and middle-income countries, with out-of-pocket pharmaceutical costs driving poverty and inequality in Georgia. The study found that while Georgia’s Chronic Disease Medicine Program (CDMP) has expanded benefits and improved participation, it still faces issues such as inequitable access, limited patient-centered care, low public awareness, and governance challenges. To enhance the program’s effectiveness and reduce financial burdens, the study recommends prioritizing vulnerable groups, empowering primary healthcare providers, increasing public awareness, and strengthening governance and system capacity.