This report reviews the operations of the National Social Security Fund (NSSF) of Cambodia in order to assess its current capacities and institutional constraints as it continues to grow. This is done in the context of the launch of the National Social Protection Policy Framework (NSPPF) 2016-2025 which envisions an ambitious expansion of the contributory social security system in Cambodia, with the NSSF at the front of all operations. The report intends to develop evidence-based recommendations to improve the administration of existing NSSF benefits and allow stakeholders to assess the enabling environment required to support the extension of social security coverage to new groups.