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This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the National Health Insurance (NHI) Scheme in terms of its accessibility and in providing financial protection from catastrophic health expenditure. The data collection process was implemented in hospitals of two districts of Savannakhet province. A structured questionnaire was used to retrieve all required information from 342 households. Key findings  showed that NHI significantly improved accessibility for the poorest income quantile. In addition, probability of catastrophic expenditure was not affected by income level, it was indicated that NHI is able to provide equity in financial protection.