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This study analyzed trends in China’s health resource efficiency using national data and the Proportion Weight Method (PWM) to evaluate multi-input and multi-output conditions. From 2008 to 2021, the efficiency of health institutions improved from 0.77 to 0.91, while the efficiencies of health personnel, health expenditure, and hospital beds declined significantly. Overall, health resource allocation efficiency remained high but showed a slight downward trend from 0.99 to 0.92. The study concluded that declines in expenditure and bed efficiency largely account for this trend, and the presented models offer a practical tool for improving health resource allocation.