Document

Since 2000, Rwanda has made remarkable progress toward universal health coverage (UHC) through a Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI) system, but now faces chronic financial sustainability challenges as it aims for higher health-care standards under Vision 2050. A recent assessment of Rwanda’s UHC model from 2011 to 2021, projecting to 2041, shows that maintaining the current fee-for-service approach would result in large deficits, while adopting fully active strategic purchasing or introducing a 1% UHC tax could generate substantial surpluses, support near-free care, and enable major health system modernization.