The Rwanda National Health Insurance Policy aims to achieve universal health coverage by 2020 through equity, solidarity, and risk-sharing principles, ensuring access to quality health care for all citizens. With over 92% of the population already insured through Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI), RAMA (public workers), MMI (military), and private schemes, the policy focuses on financial sustainability through stratified contributions, government subsidies, and innovative measures like levies on alcohol and tobacco. It emphasizes decentralized governance, empowering local communities while the Rwanda Health Insurance Council oversees regulation, transparency, and evidence-based policymaking. Addressing challenges such as coverage gaps, financial sustainability, and operational efficiency, the policy integrates health financing with Rwanda’s broader development goals, leveraging strong political commitment to build an inclusive and sustainable health system.