This study assessed the distribution of health financing benefits and burdens across income groups in Indonesia, post-financing reforms. Utilizing cross-sectional nationally representative data, benefit incidence analyses (BIA) and financing incidence analyses (FIA) were conducted.
Findings showed that in the public sector, health-care benefits were marginally pro-poor between 2018 and 2019, favoring those with low incomes. Conversely, the private health sector exhibited a significant pro-rich benefit incidence in 2018. Health-financing incidence shifted from moderately progressive in 2018 to mildly regressive in 2019. Despite progress in health-care coverage expansion, there’s a need for further strides in enhancing equity in financing and spending. Augmenting benefit comprehensiveness can reduce out-of-pocket expenses, while increased funding for primary care would enhance health-care access for individuals with lower incomes.
