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The Second Health Sector Strategic Plan of Eritrea focuses on addressing the country’s double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases and emerging health threats influenced by climate change. It aims to strengthen health security by building a resilient system that can handle routine and emergency health services. It also works toward Universal Health Coverage by expanding access to essential services, improving quality, and reducing financial barriers. The plan aligns with Eritrea’s national vision of sustainable growth and social equity, addressing key challenges such as social progress, environmental stability, and gender empowerment. The plan includes goals for human resource development, pharmaceutical supply chain improvement, regulatory strengthening, and sustainable financing, emphasizing partnerships, decentralized governance, and robust planning and monitoring systems.